Del Norte Historic District

Staking a claim -
The birth of a neighborhood
On the 21ts of April 1871, William A. Hancock filed the first homestead patent to be recorded
at the Arizona Territorial Capital in Tucson. His quarter section of land was then but a remote piece
of desert, miles from the infant settlement of Phoenix taking root along the banks of the Salt River to
the south.Today, that land lies within the heart of the city and contains a residential neighborhood
that is an oasis in the bustling core and a showplace of Phoenix history, development, and architecture
- Del Norte Place.

What the doctor ordered
In 1912, the Territory of Arizona became the 48th state to be admitted to the Union. For the previous
19 years, Territorial Veterinarian Dr. James Collier Norton had served under seven governors, overseeing
the health of the district's growing cattle industry. With statehood granted, he resigned his government post,
establishing a dairy and constructing a home on the historic Hancock homestead, which Norton had
purchased at the turn of the century.A visionary, Dr. Norton had anticipated residential development on
the southern half of this land. Shortly after purchase, he planted prospective gridded streets with tamarack,
ash, and orange trees. With completion of his home on the property's northern edge, a large two story
Mission Style structure he called Del Norte House, the scene was set for development.

Booms, floods and leapfrogs
The post war boom of the "Roaring Twenties" signaled growth and prosperity throughout the country.
Phoenix was no exception as Arizona cotton was in high demand. By 1920, the downtown core was well
developed, and a northward pattern of residential construction had been established. However seasonal
flooding down the Cave Creek wash stymied growth between Central and 23rd Avenues, in the flood
plain area where the Norton property was located.

In 1921, a deluge force Phoenicians to confront the problem. By 1923, construction was complete
on the Cave Creek Dam and canal system, bringing both flood control and rapid development to this
dormant cut of land. By 1927, the country had discovered the therapeutic benefits of the Arizona
climate, Lindberg's Atlantic crossing popularized flight, and regular air service to Phoenix brought
visitor s and settlers alike.

Now plotted, tree lined and flood free, Dr. Norton's dream - Del Norte Place - was perfectly pos-
itioned for residential development. Still just outside the city limits, Del Norte Place received additional
impetus from the benefits of "leapfrogging," a strategy of building outside the restrictive reach of city
codes and taxes, then subsequently annexing to obtain municipal services. On April 3, 1927, Del Norte
Place was opened to the public.

The house that Jack built
Platted between 15th and 17th Avenues, the original Del Norte subdivision was created in 1927 and
contained 84 lots bounded by Lewis Avenue on the north and Encanto Boulevard on the south. Two
years later, a second subdivision would extend the district to its current northern boundary at Virginia
Avenue. Promoted as the "beautiful subdivision" and "the countryside west of town," Del Norte was con-
ceived as a neighborhood of English cottage Style homes, an architectural revival that was gaining
nationwide popularity in the late 1920s. The mature trees and vegetation of Del Norte reinforced this
English imagery and helped promote the style throughout Phoenix.

The homes, priced at $5,000 to $7,000, were constructed of red birch with contrasting brick trim and
steeply gabled roofs. Del Norte was off the trolley line, and as many owners were already driving auto-
mobiles, most homes were constructed with accompanying garages.

Teaming with Dr. Norton in the early development of Del Norte was J. Allen Ginn, Sr. A nationally
recognized horseman, Ginn moved to the valley from Texas in 1921. He served as architect builder, and
sales agent for the initial phases of the project and was featured prominently in promotion of the develop-
ment. Gin's architectural styling was on the cutting-edge of a rapidly shifting market and helped secure the
early success of Del Norte.

This success, through the end of the 1920's, was part of an overall wave of prosperity throughout the
Valley. In addition to the residential boom, public and commercial development was abundant. The
Biltmore Hotel, the Heard Museum, Phoenix College, and the Orpheum Theatre were all developed
at the end of the decade.

The end of an era
Del Norte was one of the last Phoenix neighborhoods created by one individual who exercised
complete control over planning, development and marketing of the project. With the 1930s came
the Great Depression. And while the strength of the local economy withstood the initial assault, the
growth of Phoenix eventually waned as it had throughout the nation. Ten houses were completed
in Del Norte from 1930 to 1931 with construction of the next ten spread over five more years.
The slowdown halted the efforts of Norton and Ginn, and the team ceased to be a force in the
completion of Del Norte.

In 1934, Dr. Norton sold the remainder of the parcel to the City of Phoenix for the development
of the Encanto Golf Course. This land was joined with other parcels to create the city's first large rec-
reational park, which opened in 1937. The public project created a new identity for the neighborhood.
Surrounded on three sides by greenbelt, the neighborhood was now promoted as "Del Norte Place…
In the Heart of the Park."

A boost from Uncle Sam
- The role of the FHA
In an attempt to loosen the grip of the economic depression, Congress enacted the National
Housing Act of 1934 to "…improve nationwide housing standards, provide employment and
tsimulate industry, improve conditions with respect to home mortgage financing, and to realize
a greater degree of stability in residential construction."

The legislation accomplished all of this and more. Under the wing of the Federal Housing
Administration (FHA), generous loan programs brought home financing within the reach of a
broad range of the American population. On the strength of this support, a new generation of
developers, contractors, and realtors came to prominence in the Valley. Development and
construction resumed on a large scale.

Existing projects blossomed as well. The years from 1936 through 1941 brought the Del Norte
neighborhood the most rapid development in its history. A total of 77 of the district's 151 homes
were constructed during this period.

Inevitably, government assistance was accompanied by government controls. As FHA financing
brought new life to Del Norte, FHA design standards brought a new look. Simplified versions of the
Period Revival styles emerged. They were accompanied by adorned versions of earlier Period
Revival styles, notably Spanish Colonial Revival and Monterey Styles representing more regional,
southwestern influences. These homes were typically one story, stuccoed brick dwellings with low-
pitched tile roofs. Ornamentation was generally limited to modest tile work, accentuating rooflines
and doorways.

During this phase, an alternative to the Period Revivals styles also gained in popularity. The early
Ranch Style house, a simple brick structure with projecting gabled wing was an economical design,
fashioned to meet the FHA guidelines. The "L" shaped design was typically ornamented with brick-
work and trademark small, circular window beside the front door. This style gradually eclipsed the
Period Revivals to become the second most prevalent style of architecture in the district.

On the home front
With the onset of the Second World War, growth again was stifled. The war years marked the
most restrictive period of regulation in the history of the American housing industry. From 1942
through 1945, Del Norte saw the construction of 21 homes under the bureaucratic scrutiny of no
fewer than four separate federal agencies. Citizens looked to these agencies for building permits,
rationed resources, and direction through the maze of restrictions and guidelines.

Homes developed under the federal war programs were limited to those constructed for war ind-
ustry workers. House dimensions and the number of rooms were dictated by family size and ages.
And materials, primarily rubber, metal, and wood was rationed. Substitution was the order of the day.
Doorknobs changed to glass from metal, tiled showers and ceramic bowls replace cast iron tubs and
sinks, and plastic substituted for rubber.

By the early 1940s, the architecture in Del Norte had evolved to the style of French Provincial Ranch.
Characterized by the "L" shaped or irregular floor plan, a low pitched hip roof sheathed with wood shakes,
and steel casement windows, 24 of these popular homes were under construction in the neighborhood in
1941. While the war slowed construction, the Ranch Style took firm hold, and its variations would soon
come to dominate future construction.

Filling in the blanks
Although construction continued in Del Norte through 1963, the last stage of concentrated
development occurred in the late 1940s and the early 1950s. Phoenix once again was booming.
Returning servicemen who had been stationed in the Valley for training fueled postwar growth.
The establishment of new industries and the availability of air conditioning added impetus to
the explosive growth.

This final phase was yet another evolution of the Ranch Style home. A simplified form of
the French Provincial Ranch was christened the California Ranch. A gable identifies these
homes or hip roof extended over the entire house, brick wainscoting around the exterior wall,
and a board and batten, or painted brick on the upper wall surfaces. Thousands of these homes
were built in Phoenix during the 1950s, personifying Phoenix as a postwar, suburbanized city.

The present and beyond
Del Norte Place stands today as an island of style and grace within the central city. A tribute to
Dr. Norton and long range city planning, the neighborhood enjoys the pastoral atmosphere
afforded by the surrounding greenbelt of Encanto Park and Golf Course. Historic Del Norte House,
just to the north, now stands, surveying a unique collection of homes representing 16 individual
architectural styles and the dramatic evolution of 20th Century Phoenix.

Recent trends toward historic preservation and the repopulation of downtown areas have arisen
from a recognition and appreciation for the architectural values, community spirit, and quality of life
issues that originally inspired the creation of neighborhoods like Del Norte Place.


In 1992, residents formed the Del Norte Neighborhood Association to promote restoration and
preservation of the district's heritage - ensuring a solid future for Dr. Norton's "beautiful sedition" in
the 21st Century Phoenix.